How does Peak current and Base current affect the properties of weldments?

The current levels are only two of the parameters determining weld quality. To understand parameters function, the period can be broken down into several parts:

1. Ramp up rate increase stiffens the arc, reducing the arc column size and increasing the propelling force throwing molten drops detached from the electrode,
2. Overshoot, an instantaneous current increase above the peak current level, necessary to overcome the influence of inductance, variable with cable length,
3. Peak current level directly controls penetration: the higher the peak current, the deeper the penetration,
4. Peak Time or Peak Duration influences the width of the bead shape,
5. Tail-out drop time, speed of change and shape controls energy addition to the molten droplet, directly influencing puddle fluidity and penetration,
6. Sudden current drop down to background level, reduces the tendency for fine droplet spatter,
7. Background Current, the low-level current needed to maintain the arc,
8. Frequency or Repetition Rate shapes the weld bead by narrowing the arc cone with increased frequency.